Akıllı Yaşamın İşaretlerini Aramak: Teknoimzalar

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Akıllı Yaşamın İşaretlerini Aramak: Teknoimzalar

Dünya dışındaki yaşama dair doğrulanmış ilk kanıtımız biyolojiyi hiç içermiyor olabilir. Radyo gibi elektromanyetik dalgalar aracılığıyla iletişimi kesmemiz veya epik mühendisliğin teleskopik kanıtlarını bulmamız mümkün. Arama büyük ölçüde teknolojik olmayan yaşama odaklanmış olsa da, NASA bilim adamları aynı zamanda akıllı yaşamın teknolojik izlerinin (teknoimzaların) neye benzeyebileceğini düşünmeye başladılar. Güneş sistemimizdeki gezegenlerden değil, yakından göremediğimiz uzak … Read more

Dünyanın Ötesinde Yaşamı Bulmak: Sırada Ne Var?

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Dünyanın Ötesinde Yaşamı Bulmak: Sırada Ne Var?

Gelecek biz dünyevi yaşam formları için sorularla dolu. Başka bir yerde yaşam arayışımızı ne kadar ileri götürebiliriz? Yaşamı tespit etmek için hangi yeni teknolojiler en iyisidir? Güneş sistemimizin ötesindeki gezegenleri ziyaret edebilir miyiz? Peki Dünya’nın ötesinde yaşam bulursak bu bizi nasıl değiştirecek? Bilim adamları ve teknoloji uzmanları çeşitli olasılıklar öne sürüyor, ancak birçoğu en az … Read more

Altı Yeni Dünyayla 5.500 Keşif Kilometre Taşı Geçildi!

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Altı Yeni Dünyayla 5.500 Keşif Kilometre Taşı Geçildi!

24 Ağustos 2023’te, kendi güneş sistemimizin ötesindeki gezegenlerin ilk kez doğrulanmasından otuz yılı aşkın bir süre sonra, bilim insanları altı yeni ötegezegenin keşfedildiğini duyurdu ve bu sayı 5.502’ye çıktı. Sıfır ötegezegen onayından yalnızca birkaç on yılda 5.500’ün üzerine çıkan bu yeni dönüm noktası, güneş sistemimizin ötesindeki dünyaları anlama yolculuğumuzda bir başka önemli adıma işaret ediyor. … Read more

Ultra Sıcak Gaz Devinin Atmosferinde Haritalar ve Su İzleri Bulunuyor

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Ultra Sıcak Gaz Devinin Atmosferinde Haritalar ve Su İzleri Bulunuyor

Aşağıdaki metni Türkçe’ye çevirin: “Dışarıda ilgi çekici bir gezegen var – ışık yıllarıyla 400 ışık yılı uzakta – 2009’daki keşfinden bu yana gökbilimcilerin dikkatini çeken. WASP-18 b için bir yıl, yıldızı etrafında bir tur atmak için sadece 23 saat sürer (güneşimizden biraz daha büyük). Güneş sistemimizde buna benzeyen hiçbir şey yok. Yer gözlemevlerinin yanı sıra … Read more

Webb Aktif Olarak Oluşan Yıldızların Son Derece Ayrıntılı Kızılötesi Görüntüsünü Yakaladı

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Young stars are rambunctious! NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured the “antics” of a pair of actively forming young stars, known as Herbig-Haro 46/47, in high-resolution near-infrared light. To find them, trace the bright pink and red diffraction spikes until you hit the center: The stars are within the orange-white splotch. They are buried deeply in a disk of gas and dust that feeds their growth as they continue to gain mass. The disk is not visible, but its shadow can be seen in the two dark, conical regions surrounding the central stars. The most striking details are the two-sided lobes that fan out from the actively forming central stars, represented in fiery orange. Much of this material was shot out from those stars as they repeatedly ingest and eject the gas and dust that immediately surround them over thousands of years. When material from more recent ejections runs into older material, it changes the shape of these lobes. This activity is like a large fountain being turned on and off in rapid, but random succession, leading to billowing patterns in the pool below it. Some jets send out more material and others launch at faster speeds. Why? It’s likely related to how much material fell onto the stars at a particular point in time. ­The stars’ more recent ejections appear in a thread-like blue. They run just below the red horizontal diffraction spike at 2 o’clock. Along the right side, these ejections make clearer wavy patterns. They are disconnected at points, and end in a remarkable uneven light purple circle in the thickest orange area. Lighter blue, curly lines also emerge on the left, near the central stars, but are sometimes overshadowed by the bright red diffraction spike. All of these jets are crucial to star formation itself. Ejections regulate how much mass the stars ultimately gather. (The disk of gas and dust feeding the stars is small. Imagine a band tightly tied around the stars.) Now, turn your eye to the second most prominent feature: the effervescent blue cloud. This is a region of dense dust and gas, known both as a nebula and more formally as a Bok globule. When viewed mainly in visible light, it appears almost completely black – only a few background stars peek through. In Webb’s crisp near-infrared image, we can see into and through the gauzy layers of this cloud, bringing a lot more of Herbig-Haro 46/47 into focus, while also revealing a deep range of stars and galaxies that lie well beyond it. The nebula’s edges appear in a soft orange outline, like a backward L along the right and bottom. This nebula is significant – its presence influences the shapes of the jets shot out by the central stars. As ejected material rams into the nebula on the lower left, there is more opportunity for the jets to interact with molecules within the nebula, causing them both to light up. There are two other areas to look at to compare the asymmetry of the two lobes. Glance toward the upper right to pick out a blobby, almost sponge-shaped ejecta that appears separate from the larger lobe. Only a few threads of semi-transparent wisps of material point toward the larger lobe. Almost transparent, tentacle-like shapes also appear to be drifting behind it, like streamers in a cosmic wind. In contrast, at lower left, look beyond the hefty lobe to find an arc. Both are made up of material that was pushed the farthest and possibly by earlier ejections. The arcs appear to be pointed in different directions, and may have originated from different outflows. Take another long look at this image. Although it appears Webb has snapped Herbig-Haro 46/47 edge-on, one side is angled slightly closer to Earth. Counterintuitively, it’s the smaller right half. Though the left side is larger and brighter, it is pointing away from us. Over millions of years, the stars in Herbig-Haro 46/47 will fully form – clearing the scene of these fantastic, multihued ejections, allowing the binary stars to take center stage against a galaxy-filled background. Webb can reveal so much detail in Herbig-Haro 46/47 for two reasons. The object is relatively close to Earth, and Webb’s image is made up of several exposures, which adds to its depth. Herbig-Haro 46/47 lies only 1,470 light-years away in the Vela Constellation. The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

NASA’nın James Webb Uzay Teleskobu, yüksek çözünürlüklü yakın kızılötesi ışıkta Herbig-Haro 46/47 olarak bilinen aktif olarak oluşan genç yıldızların “tutkulu davranışlarını” yakalamıştır. Onları bulmak için parlak pembe ve kırmızı difraksiyon çizgilerini takip edin, merkeze ulaştığınızda yıldızlar turuncu-beyaz lekkenin içindedir. Bu yıldızlar, hala kütlesini artırırken büyümelerine besinlik eden gaz ve toz diskine derinlemesine gömülüdürler. Disk görünmez, … Read more

NASA’nın Perseverance Rover’ı Mars’a Yeni Bir Açıdan Bakıyor

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NASA'nın Perseverance Rover'ı Mars'a Yeni Bir Açıdan Bakıyor

NASA’nın Perseverance keşif aracı, Mars’ta ilk 400 gününde, aracın robotik kolu üzerinde bulunan yenilikçi bir enstrüman olan SHERLOC sayesinde yaşamın yapı taşları olarak kabul edilen karbon temelli moleküllerin çeşitli bir koleksiyonunu bulmuş olabilir. Bu buluş, Dünya’da mikrobiyal yaşamı desteklediğini gösteren kanıtları arayan görevin bilim insanları tarafından oldukça ilgi çekici bulunmuştur. Ancak bu moleküllerin biyolojik mi … Read more

Webb İkonik Süpernovadaki Yeni Yapıları Ortaya Çıkarıyor

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Webb İkonik Süpernovadaki Yeni Yapıları Ortaya Çıkarıyor

NASA’nın James Webb Uzay Teleskobu, en ünlü süpernovalardan biri olan SN 1987A’yı (Süpernova 1987A) incelemeye başladı. Büyük Macellan Bulutu’nda, 168.000 ışık yılı uzaklıkta bulunan SN 1987A, 1987 yılının Şubat ayında keşfinden bu yana neredeyse 40 yıl boyunca gama ışınlarından radyoya kadar değişen dalga boylarında yoğun gözlemlerin hedefi olmuştur. Webb’in NIRCam (Yakın Kızılötesi Kamera) ile gerçekleştirilen … Read more

Asteroit Örneği Tesliminden Önce Son OSIRIS-REx Testini Tamamladı

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Asteroit Örneği Tesliminden Önce Son OSIRIS-REx Testini Tamamladı

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin ilk asteroit örneğinin gelmesine hazırlık aşamalarının son aşamasında olan NASA tarafından yönetilen bir ekip, Utah’ın Batı Çölü’nde bulunmaktadır – Eylül ayında Dünya’ya inecek olan. NASA’nın OSIRIS-REx (Kökenler, Spektral Yorum, Kaynak Tanımlama ve Güvenlik-Regolit Araştırıcı) örnek kapsülünün bir maketi, Çarşamba günü bir uçaktan bırakıldı ve Salt Lake City’nin dışındaki çöllerde bulunan Utah Test … Read more

STS-90 Neurolab Misyonu NASA’nın Beynin On Yılına Katkısı

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On April 17, 1998, space shuttle Columbia lifted off on the STS-90 Neurolab mission to conduct cutting edge research on the responses of the brain and central nervous system to spaceflight. The seven-member crew of STS-90 consisted of Commander Richard A. Searfoss, Pilot Scott D. Altman, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Kathryn “Kay” P. Hire, and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Dafydd “Dave” R. Williams, and Payload Specialists Jay C. Buckey and James A. Pawelczyk. Alexander W. Dunlap of NASA and Chiaki Mukai of the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan, now the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, served as alternate payload specialists. During the 16-day mission, they completed the most complex life sciences research in orbit, consisting of 26 experiments to provide a better understanding of the brain and central nervous system’s response to microgravity. In 1990, the U.S. Congress and President George H.W. Bush designated the 1990's as the "Decade of the Brain" to recognize advances in our understanding of the basic structure and function of the brain. As its contribution to advancing knowledge about the effects of spaceflight on the nervous system, NASA proposed a dedicated Spacelab science mission called Neurolab. The National Institute of Health (NIH) partnered with NASA in the early development of the concept and selection of the Neurolab investigations. The NIH Institute Partners, together with the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research, supported the scientific experiments as having important implications for health and quality of life for people on Earth. International space agencies, including the CSA, the French Space Agency (CNES), the German Space Agency (DLR), the European Space Agency (ESA), and NASDA partnered with NASA to provide flight and ground hardware for Neurolab experiments and support investigations from their respective countries. Space shuttle Columbia’s 25th liftoff took place at 2:19 p.m. EDT on April 17, 1998, from Launch Pad 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, carrying the Neruolab mission into space. Searfoss, making his third trip into space and first as commander, and Pilot Altman on his first launch, monitored Columbia’s systems as they climbed into orbit, assisted by Mission Specialist Hire, also on her first flight, serving as the flight engineer. Mission Specialist and Payload Commander Linnehan, the only veterinarian in the astronaut corps and on his second space mission, accompanied them on the flight deck. Mission Specialist Williams, a physician, and Payload Specialists Buckey, also a physician, and Pawelczyk, a physiologist, and all making their first spaceflights, experienced launch in the shuttle’s middeck. Upon reaching orbit, the crew opened the payload bay doors, thus deploying the shuttle’s radiators. Shortly after, the crew opened the hatch from the shuttle’s middeck, translated down the transfer tunnel, and entered Spacelab for the first time, activating the module and turning on the first experiments. During the 16-day mission, the seven-member Neurolab crew served as both experiment subjects and operators, working with a wide array of biomedical instrumentation, including some instruments and devices developed especially for the mission. The majority of the science activities took place in the Spacelab module mounted in the shuttle’s payload bay, with Neurolab marking the 16th and final flight of the ESA-built pressurized module since its first flight on the STS-9 mission in 1983. In addition to the astronauts, Neurolab included about 2,000 animal subjects, including rats, mice, snails, crickets, and two kinds of fish, the largest collection of living organisms ever sent into space. Scientists grouped the 26 Neurolab experiments into eight teams. Four teams (with a combined total of 11 experiments) used crewmembers as subjects, and 4 teams (with 15 experiments) studied research animals. The teams studying human subjects included the Autonomic Nervous System, Sensory Motor and Performance, Vestibular, and Sleep teams. The teams with animal subjects included the Neuronal Plasticity, Mammalian Development, Aquatic, and Neurobiology teams. In addition to the complex set of Neurolab experiments, the STS-90 astronauts’ activities also included other science and operational items. As on all missions, they enjoyed looking at the Earth as time allowed, and they photographed selected sites and targets of opportunity. A static bioreactor developed at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston housed two experiments growing kidney and leukemia cells, precursors to experiments flown on the International Space Station. A unique opportunity arose for the STS-90 astronauts to hold a two-way video conference with NASA astronaut Andrew S.W. Thomas, in the fourth month of his long-duration stay aboard the Russian space station Mir. On their last day in space, the crew finished the experiments, closed up the Spacelab module and strapped themselves into their seats to prepare for their return to Earth. They fired the Shuttle’s Orbital Maneuvering System engines to begin the descent from orbit. Searfoss piloted Columbia to a smooth landing at KSC on May 3, after completing 256 orbits around the Earth in 15 days, 21 hours, and 50 minutes. The astronauts exited Columbia about one hour after landing and immediately began their postflight data collection to measure their immediate response after returning to a 1 g environment. Ground crews towed Columbia to the Orbiter Processing Facility to begin preparing it for its next mission, STS-93 to deploy the Chandra X-ray observatory.

17 Nisan 1998’de uzay mekiği Columbia, STS-90 Neurolab görevi için kalkış yaptı. Bu görevde beyin ve merkezi sinir sisteminin uzay yolculuğuna nasıl yanıt verdiğini inceleyen son teknoloji araştırmalar gerçekleştirildi. STS-90’un yedi üyeli mürettebatı Komutan Richard A. Searfoss, Pilot Scott D. Altman, Misyon Uzmanları Richard M. Linnehan, Kathryn “Kay” P. Hire, Kanada Uzay Ajansı (CSA) astronotu … Read more

Skylab Uzay İstasyonu Fırlatma Rampasına Çıkıyor

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Skylab Uzay İstasyonu Fırlatma Rampasına Çıkıyor

Nisan 1973’te, Amerika’nın ilk uzay istasyonunu fırlatma hazırlıkları, NASA’nın Florida’daki Kennedy Uzay Merkezi’nde (KSC) Skylab 1 uzay istasyonunu taşıyan bir Saturn V roketinin son olarak fırlatma rampasına taşınmasıyla yoğunlaştı. Büyük roket, daha küçük Saturn IB ile istasyona ilk mürettebatı fırlatmak üzereydi ve istasyon zaten yakındaki 39B Fırlatma Rampası’nda testlerden geçiyordu. İki Saturn roketinin de her … Read more